I always saw Dark Sun as largely inspired by John Carter of Mars and Conan the Barbarian. Both were settings of manly men and scantily clad women. So I’d say it’s a safe bet that yeah, female characters aren’t as prominent as male characters in Dark Sun. Personally I think you could make that same argument with a lot of older RPGs, but that’s a discussion for another time.
That being said I’ve used a fair number of female characters in my campaigns. One of which was Sprinkets, a Derro scientist from a spelljammer that got stranded on Athas, but she might not be the best example. She was however the group’s most beloved nemesis so I felt she was worth a mention.
I depict thri-kreen as matriarchal, with females as the larger and more aggressive gender (only, unlike mantids, they don’t eat the males. Since they are a sapient species and not THAT savage).
The matriarch of a noble house in Tyr is secretly allied with the Veiled Alliance and trying to help push Tyr closer towards being a Republic (ran exclusively by the nobility, but hey baby steps). She served as the sponsor for a lot of the PCs’ shenanigans around Tyr… when they weren’t helping out Dune Traders or the Templar.
Sielba, the Sorcerer Queen of Dead Yaramuke is in hiding, ruling over a secret realm of the Athasian Underdark filled with Green Age ruins. She was a wild card I kept and is meant as a campaign hook and some foreshadowing with weird ruins. She is driven by a combination of her hate for Hamanu as well as her fear of losing everything a second time. I depict Yaramuke as having been akin to Babylon with Sielba as the merchant queen of the SMs who thought her wealth and alliances would allow her to muscle in on Uruk’s territory. But Hamanu was far better at war than Sielba realized and she knew he was one of the best.
Abalech-Re I depict as a very competent sorcerer queen who is simply so bored she allows all the problems in her city to occur, she could fix Raam at any time, but this keeps her vaguely entertained. It’s only when the PCs accomplish the conspiracy to assassinate Kalak that she sits up and begins to care about things again. I depict her as on one hand being one of the more pragmatic and reasonable of the SMs, yet also fiendishly clever and treacherous with an unrivaled sense of self preservation.
Lalali-Puy I depict as genuinely thinking she’s the hero of her own story, having discovered an alternative to defiling. Through the use of human sacrifice she is able to fuel the growth of vegetation around her kingdom in a twisted reversal of defiling. These sacrifices also provide her and her royal defilers with life energy for their magic. This is a variation of dragon magic channeled through rituals to allow lesser defilers to make use of the life energy of humanoids. Lalali-Puy is convinced she can rebuild Athas this way and a lot of druids and nature spirits agree with her…
I depict the villichi as oracles as much as warriors, playing them up as a mysterious folk that might be the next step in evolution.
The Shadow Tribe of the elves I also depict as having female leadership as a subtle nod to the drow, along with a few spider species they make use of as guardians and assassination tools (as well as harvest poison and webbing from). Though that’s where the similarities end.
Finally I do have actual amazons in my setting that live in the southern portions of the Forest Ridge. Their’s is a rather complicated story, but the short version is they are mesoamerican themed warrior women that stumbled upon life shaped ruins that they have been partially able to revitalize through druidic magic and human sacrifice. In doing so the life shaped ruins are able to grow and/or give birth to various life shaped items.